The future of energy generation in the United Rosetta stone software
States is rapidly moving away from traditional fossil fuels to incorporate a variety of alternative methods. Among those most promising is wind power. Many across the county have come to recognize these seemingly mammoth structures with little thought as to how they are erected or the effort necessary to construct such a piece equipment. That's where cranes come in.Cranes have been the heavy lifters through the centuries. Dating back to the ancient Greeks, cranes were originally human or animal powered machines use to construct tall buildings. Over time, different types of cranes were developed for many different purposes including small jib cranes used inside workshops, tower cranes used for constructing high buildings and large floating cranes used to build oil rigs and salvage sunken ships. Cranes have developed over time to adapt to their use.Among the many types of cranes developed over time, the Crawler crane has become critical to the success of the wind power industry. A Crawler is a crane mounted on an undercarriage with a set of tracks that provide stability and mobility. With a capacity of 40 to 3,500 US Rosetta Stone Portuguese Levev 1-3
tons, a typical Crawler used in windmill construction has a boom length of 220' and a 450 ton capacity. Crawler cranes are the work horses of the wind power industry and are essential in efficiently erecting the wind turbines found on many wind farms.There is a wide variety of Crawlers used in assembling today's wind farm turbines. In the United States, the Manitowoc Model 16000 Crawler is the crane of choice for windmill construction. Requiring 19 tractor trailers to be moved into position, assembly of the Manitowoc 16000 is no small task. In addition, a 90 ton Rough Terrain crane must be used to assist in the Crawler's assembly. Rough Terrain cranes manufactured by Grove are popular for this purpose because they have the capacity and can be customized for lifting all components necessary for constructing both the Crawler crane and the wind turbines themselvespanies that sell, rent and service cranes like the Manitowoc Model 16000 and Grove cranes are an important part in helping our country move away from fossil fuels to embrace wind power. As the recent economic stimulus package suggests, those that offer the skill, knowledge and ability to service these pieces of equipment will continue to play an important role. One such company is Harrisburg Pennsylvania's Stephenson Equipment, Inc., which has already been Rosetta Stone Korean Levev 1-3
serving the wind power industry for years. Stephenson Equipment sells, rents and services all types of construction and lifting equipment necessary to build and maintain the United States' wind energy infrastructure. Having a deep knowledge and understanding of how this equipment can be used to effectively enhance the country's power grid make companies like Stephenson Equipment invaluable.In conclusion, wind power is a promising alternative energy source that simply would not be possible without the use of cranes. As the United States continues to move beyond fossil fuels, the humble crane and those that support it will be at the forefront of technology powering the country to a new tomorrow.
2011年6月29日星期三
2011年6月28日星期二
Understanding the Platelet Plug
Hemostasis is made possible by formation of a platelet rosetta stone version 3
plug AND a fibrin clot. Both are needed, and a clinician needs to think about them differently. Let's explore platelet plug formation.Now, there are two main problems with platelets, either 1) a decreased number or 2) bad (broken) platelets that have poor function. There are two tests that we need to evaluate for platelet functionne is the platelet count as seen on the red blood cell count. So, we are looking at the absolute number, or we are looking at a test called the bleeding time. When a platelet count is decreased, this is known as thrombocytopenia. This is seen if there is a problem in the bone marrow such as decreased production of platelets which you can see in some malignancies, most commonly seen in chemotherapy that suppresses bone marrow, increased destruction such as a hyperactive spleen where the only potential solution to this is to have a splenectomy, or from idiopathic thrombocytopenia which is typically a child after a viral syndrome where the treatment is steroid removal immunoglobulin or spleen removal. When I was in my pediatric rotation, I remember seeing a young child for a well child visit, and this was actually my first rotation as a physician assistant student. When the physician came in, the child clearly responded adversely to the pediatrician who was a bit older with a beard, and the mom said that he looked kind of like his father. The child was really kind of frightful of the physician. When he looked over the child, the child had a number of bruises especially on his lower legs. I believed this child was being abused by his father. Rosetta Stone Japanese
The doctor sent him off for blood work, and I was quite upset with the physician which I talked about wondering how he could not see how apparent abuse was. Well, when the blood work came back, this child had idiopathic thrombocytopenia, and it was not child abuse.Sepsis, in the setting of a low platelet count, is a red flag for a patient requiring intensive care. Platelet counts lower than 50,000, you can get increased bleeding status post trauma. If you have platelet counts of less than 20,000, you can have increased spontaneous bleeding. When I used to cover the hematology/ oncology floor, we would transfuse patients when they got below 10,000.To test platelet function, we need a bleeding time. The bleeding time is basically a small incision in the skin that by spring-loaded apparatus, it gives us a very uniform little abrasion, and the lab will blot that area until the bleeding stops. I have maybe ordered the test once or twice in my career. It is pretty rare. The most common reason why platelets would not clot well is aspirin, someone who takes aspirin, their blood is a little bit thin. Or uremia. Hypothermia can do this as well.The lifespan o f Rosetta Stone Spain Spanish
a platelet is 7 days. Aspirin deactivated the platelet for that length of time. We will exclude genetic coagulopathies here. But, I do want to talk about medications that affect the platelets. The most common one by far is aspirin. The dose can vary between 81 mg to 1,000 mg daily. Plavix is typically 75 mg once per day, and has been used with success in people with known coronary artery disease or atherosclerotic disease such as a past myocardial infarction or stroke. GB 2B/#a inhibitors are used in ACS. It is kind of like a fancy IV aspirin.
plug AND a fibrin clot. Both are needed, and a clinician needs to think about them differently. Let's explore platelet plug formation.Now, there are two main problems with platelets, either 1) a decreased number or 2) bad (broken) platelets that have poor function. There are two tests that we need to evaluate for platelet functionne is the platelet count as seen on the red blood cell count. So, we are looking at the absolute number, or we are looking at a test called the bleeding time. When a platelet count is decreased, this is known as thrombocytopenia. This is seen if there is a problem in the bone marrow such as decreased production of platelets which you can see in some malignancies, most commonly seen in chemotherapy that suppresses bone marrow, increased destruction such as a hyperactive spleen where the only potential solution to this is to have a splenectomy, or from idiopathic thrombocytopenia which is typically a child after a viral syndrome where the treatment is steroid removal immunoglobulin or spleen removal. When I was in my pediatric rotation, I remember seeing a young child for a well child visit, and this was actually my first rotation as a physician assistant student. When the physician came in, the child clearly responded adversely to the pediatrician who was a bit older with a beard, and the mom said that he looked kind of like his father. The child was really kind of frightful of the physician. When he looked over the child, the child had a number of bruises especially on his lower legs. I believed this child was being abused by his father. Rosetta Stone Japanese
The doctor sent him off for blood work, and I was quite upset with the physician which I talked about wondering how he could not see how apparent abuse was. Well, when the blood work came back, this child had idiopathic thrombocytopenia, and it was not child abuse.Sepsis, in the setting of a low platelet count, is a red flag for a patient requiring intensive care. Platelet counts lower than 50,000, you can get increased bleeding status post trauma. If you have platelet counts of less than 20,000, you can have increased spontaneous bleeding. When I used to cover the hematology/ oncology floor, we would transfuse patients when they got below 10,000.To test platelet function, we need a bleeding time. The bleeding time is basically a small incision in the skin that by spring-loaded apparatus, it gives us a very uniform little abrasion, and the lab will blot that area until the bleeding stops. I have maybe ordered the test once or twice in my career. It is pretty rare. The most common reason why platelets would not clot well is aspirin, someone who takes aspirin, their blood is a little bit thin. Or uremia. Hypothermia can do this as well.The lifespan o f Rosetta Stone Spain Spanish
a platelet is 7 days. Aspirin deactivated the platelet for that length of time. We will exclude genetic coagulopathies here. But, I do want to talk about medications that affect the platelets. The most common one by far is aspirin. The dose can vary between 81 mg to 1,000 mg daily. Plavix is typically 75 mg once per day, and has been used with success in people with known coronary artery disease or atherosclerotic disease such as a past myocardial infarction or stroke. GB 2B/#a inhibitors are used in ACS. It is kind of like a fancy IV aspirin.
Multicultural and Fusion Weddings
It is changing into increasingly additional common for Rosetta stone software
couples of mixed background and ancestries to marry. Hence, we tend to have a lot of demand for fusion wedding ideas or artistic ways in which to have a multicultural wedding. At any multicultural wedding every family's traditions are each wonderful in themselves and important. Thus, it's vital to include both cultures and to not neglect one culture whereas spotlighting the other. There are very little ways to place special cultural touches to the wedding, together with in such aspects as wedding favors, food, d?cor and entertainment. Even if the couple themselves don't have sturdy ties to their individual cultures, it's often necessary to consider the emotions of the family members. Thus, we tend to have fusion weddings that incorporate trendy tastes of young couples and ancient aspects that parents and family desirene of the best ways to approach a multicultural wedding is to let one culture dominate the ceremony and the opposite the reception. Typically the wedding ceremony takes place in the pride of the bride's cultural and the marriage reception follows the traditions of the groom's culture. The marriage reception can have traditional food, entertainment, and toasts to honor the cultural background. The incorporation of 2 cultures isn't solely common for multicultural weddings, but conjointly for fusion weddings. Several fashionable Asian American couples will have a traditional Asian wedding in traditional Asian wedding apparel and then the wedding reception is typically a modern traditional Yankee wedding reception.As the marriage ceremony Rosetta Stone English
is of a religious nature for many cultures, it's usually vital to include the marriage apparel, vows, music, d?cor and procedures of both the bride and groom as closely as doable into the ceremony. It's common to carry two ceremonies when the 2 cultures are extraordinarily different. Couples typically like to require separate religious vows at each of their given spiritual houses. Multicultural weddings are often elaborate and last many days so as to include both cultures and events. A lot of straightforward events will hold one ceremony in the morning and also the second in the afternoon, then transition into the reception within the evening. Though, this will be tiring, with smart designing it can be a stunning day.There are innumerable ways in which to include both cultures at a marriage without lapsing into a multiple days wedding. One means is to own the bride and groom wear the ancient attire of one heritage, whereas Rosetta Stone America English Levev 1-5
continuing down the aisle to traditional music of the other.
couples of mixed background and ancestries to marry. Hence, we tend to have a lot of demand for fusion wedding ideas or artistic ways in which to have a multicultural wedding. At any multicultural wedding every family's traditions are each wonderful in themselves and important. Thus, it's vital to include both cultures and to not neglect one culture whereas spotlighting the other. There are very little ways to place special cultural touches to the wedding, together with in such aspects as wedding favors, food, d?cor and entertainment. Even if the couple themselves don't have sturdy ties to their individual cultures, it's often necessary to consider the emotions of the family members. Thus, we tend to have fusion weddings that incorporate trendy tastes of young couples and ancient aspects that parents and family desirene of the best ways to approach a multicultural wedding is to let one culture dominate the ceremony and the opposite the reception. Typically the wedding ceremony takes place in the pride of the bride's cultural and the marriage reception follows the traditions of the groom's culture. The marriage reception can have traditional food, entertainment, and toasts to honor the cultural background. The incorporation of 2 cultures isn't solely common for multicultural weddings, but conjointly for fusion weddings. Several fashionable Asian American couples will have a traditional Asian wedding in traditional Asian wedding apparel and then the wedding reception is typically a modern traditional Yankee wedding reception.As the marriage ceremony Rosetta Stone English
is of a religious nature for many cultures, it's usually vital to include the marriage apparel, vows, music, d?cor and procedures of both the bride and groom as closely as doable into the ceremony. It's common to carry two ceremonies when the 2 cultures are extraordinarily different. Couples typically like to require separate religious vows at each of their given spiritual houses. Multicultural weddings are often elaborate and last many days so as to include both cultures and events. A lot of straightforward events will hold one ceremony in the morning and also the second in the afternoon, then transition into the reception within the evening. Though, this will be tiring, with smart designing it can be a stunning day.There are innumerable ways in which to include both cultures at a marriage without lapsing into a multiple days wedding. One means is to own the bride and groom wear the ancient attire of one heritage, whereas Rosetta Stone America English Levev 1-5
continuing down the aisle to traditional music of the other.
2011年6月26日星期日
What can neuroscience tell us about our 'self'?
when does a healthy ego cross the Rosetta stone language
line into unhealthy territory? Where is the line between confident, positive self-image and grandiose self-importance, which might signal a personality disorder or other psychiatric illness? More fundamentally, what do we mean by ego, from a neural perspective? Is there a brain circuit or neurotransmitter system underlying ego that is different in some people, giving them too much or too little?What is Ego?What ego is depends largely on who you ask. Philosophical and psychological definitions abound. Popularly, ego is generally understood as one's sense of self-identity or how we view ourselves. It may encompass self-confidence, self-esteem, pride, and self-worth, and is therefore influenced by many factors, including genes, early upbringing, and stress.The popular concept of ego is a far cry from what Sigmund Freud elaborated at the turn of the 19th century in his seminal work on psychoanalytical theory. Freud distinguished between primary (id) and secondary (ego) cognitive systems and proposed that the id, or unconscious, was characterized by a free exchange of neural energy and more primitive or animistic thinking. It was the job of the ego, the conscious mind, to minimize that free energy, to bind it and thereby regulate the impulses of the unconscious. It was Freud's attempt to link the workings of the unconscious mind to behavior, says Joseph T. Coyle, M.D., chair of psychiatry and neuroscience at Harvard School of Medicine/McLean Hospital and a Dana Alliance for Brain Initiatives member.Ego constructs continue to be used Rosetta Stone German Levev 1-5
in some psychoanalytical therapies, but beyond that, the term seems to be falling out of favor in modern psychiatry. (Ego is so last century, quips Coyle.) Dana Alliance member Jerome Kagan, Ph.D., professor emeritus of psychology at Harvard, says: Ego is a terrible word. In Freudian theory, ego has a meaning-not a very precise one, but a meaning. But you can't take the word ego out of Freudian theory and apply it in non-Freudian ways. It just doesn't work.According to psychiatrist John M. Oldham, M.D., chief of staff at Baylor College of Medicine's Menninger Clinic and President-elect of the American Psychiatric Association (APA), terms like sense of self or self-identity are more common today. The new diagnostic criteria for personality disorders being developed for the revised APA Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Psychiatric Disorders (DSM-5) will reflect this newer language, he says.Where's the Ego in Neuroscience?If ego is loosely defined in psychiatric circles, a neural definition is virtually nonexistent. Ego doesn't exist in the brain, says Kagan. What does exist, he explains, is a brain circuit that controls the intrusiveness of feelings of self-doubt and anxiety, which can modulate self-confidence. But, Kagan says, We are nowhere near naming the brain circuit that might mediate the feeling of 'God, I feel great; I can conquer the world.' I believe it's possible to do, but no one knows that chemistry or that anatomy.Dana Alliance member Joseph LeDoux, Ph.D., a neurobiologist at New York University, has argued that psychological constructs such as ego are not incompatible with modern neuroscience; scientists just need to come up with better ways of thinking about the self and its relation to the brain. For many people, the brain and the Rosetta Stone Italian Levev 1-5
self are quite different, he writes in The Synaptic Self, where he made the opposite case. For LeDoux, it's a truism that our personality -- who we are in totality -- is represented in the brain as a complex pattern of synaptic connectivity, because synapses underlie everything the brain does. We are our synapses, he says.Researchers are increasingly applying the tools of modern neuroscience to try to understand how the brain represents self and other aspects of ego as popularly defined -- they just don't call it ego. Brain-imaging studies have used self-reference experiments to investigate the neurobiology of self. For example, asking a subject to make a judgment about a statement, such as I am a good friend versus a statement that is self-neutral, such as water is necessary for life. Others have looked at brain pathology in people with disorders of self. These studies have fairly consistently linked self-referential mental activity to the medial prefrontal cortex, a subregion of the frontal lobe where higher-order cognitive functions are processed.The medial prefrontal cortex is the locus of the brain's default mode network, where metabolic activity is highest when the brain is not actively engaged in a task. During task performance, default mode activity decreases. Washington University neuroimaging pioneer and Dana Alliance member Marcus E. Raichle, M.D., first reported the default mode and has argued that default-state activity may hold clues to the neurobiology of self.[i]
line into unhealthy territory? Where is the line between confident, positive self-image and grandiose self-importance, which might signal a personality disorder or other psychiatric illness? More fundamentally, what do we mean by ego, from a neural perspective? Is there a brain circuit or neurotransmitter system underlying ego that is different in some people, giving them too much or too little?What is Ego?What ego is depends largely on who you ask. Philosophical and psychological definitions abound. Popularly, ego is generally understood as one's sense of self-identity or how we view ourselves. It may encompass self-confidence, self-esteem, pride, and self-worth, and is therefore influenced by many factors, including genes, early upbringing, and stress.The popular concept of ego is a far cry from what Sigmund Freud elaborated at the turn of the 19th century in his seminal work on psychoanalytical theory. Freud distinguished between primary (id) and secondary (ego) cognitive systems and proposed that the id, or unconscious, was characterized by a free exchange of neural energy and more primitive or animistic thinking. It was the job of the ego, the conscious mind, to minimize that free energy, to bind it and thereby regulate the impulses of the unconscious. It was Freud's attempt to link the workings of the unconscious mind to behavior, says Joseph T. Coyle, M.D., chair of psychiatry and neuroscience at Harvard School of Medicine/McLean Hospital and a Dana Alliance for Brain Initiatives member.Ego constructs continue to be used Rosetta Stone German Levev 1-5
in some psychoanalytical therapies, but beyond that, the term seems to be falling out of favor in modern psychiatry. (Ego is so last century, quips Coyle.) Dana Alliance member Jerome Kagan, Ph.D., professor emeritus of psychology at Harvard, says: Ego is a terrible word. In Freudian theory, ego has a meaning-not a very precise one, but a meaning. But you can't take the word ego out of Freudian theory and apply it in non-Freudian ways. It just doesn't work.According to psychiatrist John M. Oldham, M.D., chief of staff at Baylor College of Medicine's Menninger Clinic and President-elect of the American Psychiatric Association (APA), terms like sense of self or self-identity are more common today. The new diagnostic criteria for personality disorders being developed for the revised APA Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Psychiatric Disorders (DSM-5) will reflect this newer language, he says.Where's the Ego in Neuroscience?If ego is loosely defined in psychiatric circles, a neural definition is virtually nonexistent. Ego doesn't exist in the brain, says Kagan. What does exist, he explains, is a brain circuit that controls the intrusiveness of feelings of self-doubt and anxiety, which can modulate self-confidence. But, Kagan says, We are nowhere near naming the brain circuit that might mediate the feeling of 'God, I feel great; I can conquer the world.' I believe it's possible to do, but no one knows that chemistry or that anatomy.Dana Alliance member Joseph LeDoux, Ph.D., a neurobiologist at New York University, has argued that psychological constructs such as ego are not incompatible with modern neuroscience; scientists just need to come up with better ways of thinking about the self and its relation to the brain. For many people, the brain and the Rosetta Stone Italian Levev 1-5
self are quite different, he writes in The Synaptic Self, where he made the opposite case. For LeDoux, it's a truism that our personality -- who we are in totality -- is represented in the brain as a complex pattern of synaptic connectivity, because synapses underlie everything the brain does. We are our synapses, he says.Researchers are increasingly applying the tools of modern neuroscience to try to understand how the brain represents self and other aspects of ego as popularly defined -- they just don't call it ego. Brain-imaging studies have used self-reference experiments to investigate the neurobiology of self. For example, asking a subject to make a judgment about a statement, such as I am a good friend versus a statement that is self-neutral, such as water is necessary for life. Others have looked at brain pathology in people with disorders of self. These studies have fairly consistently linked self-referential mental activity to the medial prefrontal cortex, a subregion of the frontal lobe where higher-order cognitive functions are processed.The medial prefrontal cortex is the locus of the brain's default mode network, where metabolic activity is highest when the brain is not actively engaged in a task. During task performance, default mode activity decreases. Washington University neuroimaging pioneer and Dana Alliance member Marcus E. Raichle, M.D., first reported the default mode and has argued that default-state activity may hold clues to the neurobiology of self.[i]
2011年6月24日星期五
Kidney disease a big risk for younger, low-income minorities
These are the findings from a study published online in Rosetta stone
the Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (CJASN).The study indicates that targeted efforts to assess the burden and progression of CKD within the healthcare safety net are vital to improving the quality of care for this vulnerable population, and ultimately save lives.Researchers at the University of Washington, the University of California San Francisco, and Stanford University examined data from 15,353 adults with non-dialysis dependent CKD stages 3-5. All were receiving regular ambulatory care in the Community Health Network of San Francisco and were followed for a period of 12-months to 9.4 years. The study authors measured the time it took for patients to progress from moderate to severe CKD to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) or death.The vast majority of study participants were indigent, 40 percent were either uninsured or enrolled in Medicaid, and one-third spoke a primary language other than English -- all vulnerable populations which have been underrepresented in prior studies of CKD.In contrast to the general population and prior CKD studies in the United States, the study authors found CKD afflicted a large fraction of young adults (20-39 years old), most of whom were racial or ethnic minorities. Overall, African Americans, Hispanics, Asians and Pacific Islanders with CKD were at higher risk of developing ESRD, compared with non-Hispanic whites.Minorities in the United States are two to four times more likely than non-minorities to progress to ESRD, said Andy I. Choi, M.D., M.A.S., study Rosetta Stone Spanish (Spain) Levev 1-5
co-author and assistant professor, Division of Nephrology, University of California, San Francisco. That represents a significant disparity that warrants greater study about the causes, consequences and preventive measures appropriate for people in this demographic.Because so little is known about CKD in the healthcare safety net, the authors call for additional research to assess what is needed to curb the progression of the disease, particularly among vulnerable populations. More targeted research in these public healthcare and safety net settings is necessary to identify ways to slow the progression of the disease among the urban poor with CKD, thereby reducing disability and improving overall survival, said Yoshio N. Hall, M.D., study co-author and assistant professor of medicine, Kidney Research Institute, Division of Nephrology, University of Washington.Kidney disease is a growing problem in the United States, doubling in incidence over the last two decades. It's serious, and without proper diagnosis and treatment, kidney disease can lead to expensive treatments like transplantation or dialysis, said Sharon Anderson, M.D., FASN, president of the American Society of Nephrology. Health care providers need to be especially vigilant screening patients who are most at-risk for developing kidney disease -- minorities, seniors and those who have been diagnosed with diabetes, hypertension and/or cardiovascular disease.The study is being published in conjunction with World Kidney Day, an international effort to raise awareness about the growing incidence of Rosetta Stone Spanish
kidney disease and the need for increased funding for kidney disease research and education. Experts say more research can lead to treatments that could prevent or slow the disease's progression, save lives and reduce treatment costs. Currently, more than 26 million Americans, or one in nine adults, have chronic kidney disease.
the Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (CJASN).The study indicates that targeted efforts to assess the burden and progression of CKD within the healthcare safety net are vital to improving the quality of care for this vulnerable population, and ultimately save lives.Researchers at the University of Washington, the University of California San Francisco, and Stanford University examined data from 15,353 adults with non-dialysis dependent CKD stages 3-5. All were receiving regular ambulatory care in the Community Health Network of San Francisco and were followed for a period of 12-months to 9.4 years. The study authors measured the time it took for patients to progress from moderate to severe CKD to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) or death.The vast majority of study participants were indigent, 40 percent were either uninsured or enrolled in Medicaid, and one-third spoke a primary language other than English -- all vulnerable populations which have been underrepresented in prior studies of CKD.In contrast to the general population and prior CKD studies in the United States, the study authors found CKD afflicted a large fraction of young adults (20-39 years old), most of whom were racial or ethnic minorities. Overall, African Americans, Hispanics, Asians and Pacific Islanders with CKD were at higher risk of developing ESRD, compared with non-Hispanic whites.Minorities in the United States are two to four times more likely than non-minorities to progress to ESRD, said Andy I. Choi, M.D., M.A.S., study Rosetta Stone Spanish (Spain) Levev 1-5
co-author and assistant professor, Division of Nephrology, University of California, San Francisco. That represents a significant disparity that warrants greater study about the causes, consequences and preventive measures appropriate for people in this demographic.Because so little is known about CKD in the healthcare safety net, the authors call for additional research to assess what is needed to curb the progression of the disease, particularly among vulnerable populations. More targeted research in these public healthcare and safety net settings is necessary to identify ways to slow the progression of the disease among the urban poor with CKD, thereby reducing disability and improving overall survival, said Yoshio N. Hall, M.D., study co-author and assistant professor of medicine, Kidney Research Institute, Division of Nephrology, University of Washington.Kidney disease is a growing problem in the United States, doubling in incidence over the last two decades. It's serious, and without proper diagnosis and treatment, kidney disease can lead to expensive treatments like transplantation or dialysis, said Sharon Anderson, M.D., FASN, president of the American Society of Nephrology. Health care providers need to be especially vigilant screening patients who are most at-risk for developing kidney disease -- minorities, seniors and those who have been diagnosed with diabetes, hypertension and/or cardiovascular disease.The study is being published in conjunction with World Kidney Day, an international effort to raise awareness about the growing incidence of Rosetta Stone Spanish
kidney disease and the need for increased funding for kidney disease research and education. Experts say more research can lead to treatments that could prevent or slow the disease's progression, save lives and reduce treatment costs. Currently, more than 26 million Americans, or one in nine adults, have chronic kidney disease.
Enhanced early childhood education pays long-term dividends in better health
Researchers found that individuals who had Rosetta stone software
received the intensive education intervention starting in infancy had significantly better health and better health behaviors as young adults.The study is only the second to explore the relationship of early childhood education and adult health benefits. The first study, based on the Perry Preschool Program, also was conducted by Columbia professors Peter Muennig, MD, and Matthew Neidell, PhD, on a similarly small cohort of children, and found behavioral benefits, but no overall health benefits. The current study is the first randomized control study to definitively show the health benefit of education. Findings are online in the American Journal of Public Health.The original study enrolled infants from 1972 to 1977 at the Frank Porter Graham Child Development Institute in Chapel Hill, NC, where they received an age-appropriate curriculum designed to enhance cognition and language development starting in infancy. Researchers had found that infants enrolled in the program had higher IQ by age three and higher reading and math achievement by 15 years of age, lower rates of teen depression and greater likelihood of Rosetta Stone English
college enrollment compared with a control group.The current study expands on the original study to examine the impact of ABC on three health measures and 11 measures of behavioral risk factors. The health measures were the number of self-reported health problems since 15 years of age, a depression index score, and the number of hospitalizations in the past year. Behavioral risk factors concerned traffic safety, drug use, and access to primary care. Researchers found that participants had significantly better health and health behaviors and that these findings were independent of IQ, educational attainment or health insurance status.The original study was small, but it had a very strong effect on education. Until it came along, the benefit of education had never been proven using the gold standard in research methods-the randomized controlled trial. What we have found is that this educational Rosetta Stone America English Levev 1-5
intervention also reduced health risks like smoking and improved health outcomes as early as age 21, said Dr. Muennig, assistant professor of Health Policy and Management at Columbia's Mailman School and principal investigator of the new study. The health benefits were quite dramatic.While much remains to be learned about both the pathways linking education to health and the overall effect sizes of education on health, our study provides causal evidence in support of the hypothesis that early education enhancements may improve income, reduce crime, and even enhance the global competitiveness of the American workforce, suggests Dr. Muennig. These interventions may be more cost effective than many traditional medical and public health approaches to improving population health.
received the intensive education intervention starting in infancy had significantly better health and better health behaviors as young adults.The study is only the second to explore the relationship of early childhood education and adult health benefits. The first study, based on the Perry Preschool Program, also was conducted by Columbia professors Peter Muennig, MD, and Matthew Neidell, PhD, on a similarly small cohort of children, and found behavioral benefits, but no overall health benefits. The current study is the first randomized control study to definitively show the health benefit of education. Findings are online in the American Journal of Public Health.The original study enrolled infants from 1972 to 1977 at the Frank Porter Graham Child Development Institute in Chapel Hill, NC, where they received an age-appropriate curriculum designed to enhance cognition and language development starting in infancy. Researchers had found that infants enrolled in the program had higher IQ by age three and higher reading and math achievement by 15 years of age, lower rates of teen depression and greater likelihood of Rosetta Stone English
college enrollment compared with a control group.The current study expands on the original study to examine the impact of ABC on three health measures and 11 measures of behavioral risk factors. The health measures were the number of self-reported health problems since 15 years of age, a depression index score, and the number of hospitalizations in the past year. Behavioral risk factors concerned traffic safety, drug use, and access to primary care. Researchers found that participants had significantly better health and health behaviors and that these findings were independent of IQ, educational attainment or health insurance status.The original study was small, but it had a very strong effect on education. Until it came along, the benefit of education had never been proven using the gold standard in research methods-the randomized controlled trial. What we have found is that this educational Rosetta Stone America English Levev 1-5
intervention also reduced health risks like smoking and improved health outcomes as early as age 21, said Dr. Muennig, assistant professor of Health Policy and Management at Columbia's Mailman School and principal investigator of the new study. The health benefits were quite dramatic.While much remains to be learned about both the pathways linking education to health and the overall effect sizes of education on health, our study provides causal evidence in support of the hypothesis that early education enhancements may improve income, reduce crime, and even enhance the global competitiveness of the American workforce, suggests Dr. Muennig. These interventions may be more cost effective than many traditional medical and public health approaches to improving population health.
2011年6月22日星期三
Backs To The Future: Aymara Language And Gesture Point To Mirror-Image View Of Time
New analysis of the language and gesture Rosetta stone
of South America's indigenous Aymara people indicates a reverse concept of time.Contrary to what had been thought a cognitive universal among humans a spatial metaphor for chronology, based partly on our bodies' orientation and locomotion, that places the future ahead of oneself and the past behind the Amerindian group locates this imaginary abstraction the other way around: with the past ahead and the future behind.Appearing in the current issue of the journal Cognitive Science, the study is coauthored, with Berkeley linguistics professor Eve Sweetser, by Rafael Nunez, associate professor of cognitive science and director of the Embodied Cognition Laboratory at the University of California, San Diego.Until now, all the studied cultures and languages of the world from European and Polynesian to Chinese, Japanese, Bantu and so on have not only characterized time with properties of space, but also have all mapped the future as if it were in front of ego and the past in back. The Aymara case is the first documented to depart from the standard model, said Nunez.The language of the Aymara, who live in the Andes highlands of Bolivia, Peru and Chile, has been noticed by Westerners since the earliest days of the Spanish conquest. A Jesuit wrote in the early 1600s that Aymara was particularly useful for abstract ideas, and in the Rosetta Stone Spanish
19th century it was dubbed the language of Adam. More recently, Umberto Eco has praised its capacity for neologisms, and there have even been contemporary attempts to harness the so-called Andean logic which adds a third option to the usual binary system of true/false or yes/no to computer applications.Yet, Nunez said, no one had previously detailed the Aymara's radically different metaphoric mapping of time a super-fundamental concept, which, unlike the idea of democracy, say, does not rely on formal schooling and isn't an obvious product of culture.Nunez had his first inkling of differences between thinking in Aymara and Spanish, when he went hitchhiking in the Andes as undergraduate in the early 1980s. More than a decade later, he returned to gather data.For the study, Nunez collected about 20 hours of conversations with 30 ethnic Aymara adults from Northern Chile. The volunteer subjects ranged from a monolingual speaker of Aymara to monolingual speakers of Spanish, with a majority (like the population at large) being bilinguals whose skills covered a range of proficiencies and included the Spanish/Aymara creole called Castellano Andino.The videotaped interviews were designed to include natural discussions of past and future events. These discussions, it was hoped, would elicit both the linguistic expressions for past and future and the subconscious gesturing that accompanies much of human speech and often acts out the metaphors being used.The linguistic evidence seems, on the surface, clear: The Aymara language recruits nayra, the Rosetta Stone Spanish (Latin America) Levev 1-5
basic word for eye, front or sight, to mean past and recruits qhipa, the basic word for back or behind, to mean future. So, for example, the expression nayra mara which translates in meaning to last year can be literally glossed as front year.But, according to the researchers, linguistic analysis cannot reliably tell the whole story.Take an exotic language like English: You can use the word ahead to signify an earlier point in time, saying We are at 20 minutes ahead of 1 p.m. to mean It's now 12:40 p.m. Based on this evidence alone, a Martian linguist could then justifiably decide that English speakers, much like the Aymara, put the past in front.There are also in English ambiguous expressions like Wednesday's meeting was moved forward two days. Does that mean the new meeting time falls on Friday or Monday?
of South America's indigenous Aymara people indicates a reverse concept of time.Contrary to what had been thought a cognitive universal among humans a spatial metaphor for chronology, based partly on our bodies' orientation and locomotion, that places the future ahead of oneself and the past behind the Amerindian group locates this imaginary abstraction the other way around: with the past ahead and the future behind.Appearing in the current issue of the journal Cognitive Science, the study is coauthored, with Berkeley linguistics professor Eve Sweetser, by Rafael Nunez, associate professor of cognitive science and director of the Embodied Cognition Laboratory at the University of California, San Diego.Until now, all the studied cultures and languages of the world from European and Polynesian to Chinese, Japanese, Bantu and so on have not only characterized time with properties of space, but also have all mapped the future as if it were in front of ego and the past in back. The Aymara case is the first documented to depart from the standard model, said Nunez.The language of the Aymara, who live in the Andes highlands of Bolivia, Peru and Chile, has been noticed by Westerners since the earliest days of the Spanish conquest. A Jesuit wrote in the early 1600s that Aymara was particularly useful for abstract ideas, and in the Rosetta Stone Spanish
19th century it was dubbed the language of Adam. More recently, Umberto Eco has praised its capacity for neologisms, and there have even been contemporary attempts to harness the so-called Andean logic which adds a third option to the usual binary system of true/false or yes/no to computer applications.Yet, Nunez said, no one had previously detailed the Aymara's radically different metaphoric mapping of time a super-fundamental concept, which, unlike the idea of democracy, say, does not rely on formal schooling and isn't an obvious product of culture.Nunez had his first inkling of differences between thinking in Aymara and Spanish, when he went hitchhiking in the Andes as undergraduate in the early 1980s. More than a decade later, he returned to gather data.For the study, Nunez collected about 20 hours of conversations with 30 ethnic Aymara adults from Northern Chile. The volunteer subjects ranged from a monolingual speaker of Aymara to monolingual speakers of Spanish, with a majority (like the population at large) being bilinguals whose skills covered a range of proficiencies and included the Spanish/Aymara creole called Castellano Andino.The videotaped interviews were designed to include natural discussions of past and future events. These discussions, it was hoped, would elicit both the linguistic expressions for past and future and the subconscious gesturing that accompanies much of human speech and often acts out the metaphors being used.The linguistic evidence seems, on the surface, clear: The Aymara language recruits nayra, the Rosetta Stone Spanish (Latin America) Levev 1-5
basic word for eye, front or sight, to mean past and recruits qhipa, the basic word for back or behind, to mean future. So, for example, the expression nayra mara which translates in meaning to last year can be literally glossed as front year.But, according to the researchers, linguistic analysis cannot reliably tell the whole story.Take an exotic language like English: You can use the word ahead to signify an earlier point in time, saying We are at 20 minutes ahead of 1 p.m. to mean It's now 12:40 p.m. Based on this evidence alone, a Martian linguist could then justifiably decide that English speakers, much like the Aymara, put the past in front.There are also in English ambiguous expressions like Wednesday's meeting was moved forward two days. Does that mean the new meeting time falls on Friday or Monday?
2011年6月21日星期二
Discount Rosetta Stone Home Financing in Edmonton and Fort McMurray
Edmonton and Fort McMurray are some Rosetta stone software
of the thriving areas in oil-rich Alberta. These places have two of the most stable economies in Canada, thanks to the region’s progressive oil industry. These areas’ economies are also boosted by retail and tourism. Due to the wealth of Edmonton and Fort McMurray, many are encouraged to migrate to these Albertan areas. If you’re looking to settle in Edmonton or Fort McMurray, consider getting in touch with a mortgage company. Finding a reliable mortgage company is your best bet to getting your dream home in Alberta. Here are some tips you might find useful in dealing with mortgage companies.Decide on mortgage type House financing companies in Edmonton and McMurray offer different loan types. A fixed rate mortgage allows you to pay the same amount throughout the loan duration. An adjustable rate mortgage adjusts the amount you have to pay according to applicable interest rates. Both types of loans have pros and cons, Rosetta Stone English
and it’s best to choose the loan type you want before you contact a mortgage company. Get your credit scoreYou may not realize how important your credit score is until you try the options in house financing Edmontonor Fort Mc Murray companies have available. Remember, if you don’t get your credit score before applying for mortgage, lenders might not offer the best deal for you, because they know you’re clueless about applicable rates. It’s your responsibility to get your credit score and research before approaching mortgage companies. Know what you can affordKnowing the homes that fit your budget can definitely work to your advantage. By knowing which homes you can afford, you can determine if Edmonton and McMurray mortgage Rosetta Stone America English Levev 1-5
companies are being honest with you. This information also gives you important insight in applying for a second mortgage if you plan to renovate or remodel your house. Prepare for adjustmentsIf your credit score is not favorable, be prepared to make the adjustments Edmonton and McMurray mortgage companies suggest. You can expect to pay a higher down payment so the mortgage company can give you the loan you need. You may also have to submit other documents to prove that you can afford the loan.
of the thriving areas in oil-rich Alberta. These places have two of the most stable economies in Canada, thanks to the region’s progressive oil industry. These areas’ economies are also boosted by retail and tourism. Due to the wealth of Edmonton and Fort McMurray, many are encouraged to migrate to these Albertan areas. If you’re looking to settle in Edmonton or Fort McMurray, consider getting in touch with a mortgage company. Finding a reliable mortgage company is your best bet to getting your dream home in Alberta. Here are some tips you might find useful in dealing with mortgage companies.Decide on mortgage type House financing companies in Edmonton and McMurray offer different loan types. A fixed rate mortgage allows you to pay the same amount throughout the loan duration. An adjustable rate mortgage adjusts the amount you have to pay according to applicable interest rates. Both types of loans have pros and cons, Rosetta Stone English
and it’s best to choose the loan type you want before you contact a mortgage company. Get your credit scoreYou may not realize how important your credit score is until you try the options in house financing Edmontonor Fort Mc Murray companies have available. Remember, if you don’t get your credit score before applying for mortgage, lenders might not offer the best deal for you, because they know you’re clueless about applicable rates. It’s your responsibility to get your credit score and research before approaching mortgage companies. Know what you can affordKnowing the homes that fit your budget can definitely work to your advantage. By knowing which homes you can afford, you can determine if Edmonton and McMurray mortgage Rosetta Stone America English Levev 1-5
companies are being honest with you. This information also gives you important insight in applying for a second mortgage if you plan to renovate or remodel your house. Prepare for adjustmentsIf your credit score is not favorable, be prepared to make the adjustments Edmonton and McMurray mortgage companies suggest. You can expect to pay a higher down payment so the mortgage company can give you the loan you need. You may also have to submit other documents to prove that you can afford the loan.
Discount Rosetta Stone Want to get attractive
Migration has always been a Rosetta stone language
global phenomenon since ages. People migrate from villages to towns, from towns to cities, from small cities to bigger cities and from one country to another – all in search of better opportunities & a better life. But what is critical to note is that most migrants continue to be connected to their roots – emotionally or financially. While some of them have no intent to return, a significant chunk does aspire to come back to their homeland at some point of time.And therein lies the base for the thriving money transfer industry. An estimated $500 billion moves across countries as pure private remittances. Which means, a value equal to the entire annual GDP of a country like Egypt or Thailand, is generated purely by these cross-border remittances. Not just the receivers, a lot of countries’ economies have inward remittances forming a large share of the GDP. And leading the world in inward money transfer, India receives an annual amount of over $55 billion Rosetta Stone Arabic
(World Bank Estimate 2010) in personal remittances. The Indian diaspora is spread all over the world and is considered one of the most affluent ethnic communities in countries like the U.S, U.K & Australia. Over 22 million Indians are settled abroad and from the U.S alone, India receives an approximate $20 billion in remittances. This money goes for family maintenance, savings in NRE accounts, charity and for buying property in the booming real-estate market in India. It’s not surprising given the facts above that India Money Transfers is a very lucrative segment for banks and other service providers. However, Indian customers have also been price conscious yet, at the same time, quite demanding in terms of the service quality. This has resulted in the customer seeing a huge change in the service offering over the years. From using offline agents to archaic foreign currency cheques to prohibitively priced wire-transfers, customers have now migrated to more Rosetta Stone Arabic Levev 1-3
convenient & cost effective online money transfers. Online money transfers to India is now the fastest growing choice to send money. Apart from some banks offering the service, neutral service providers like Remit2India from the Times Group, is the preferred choice for most NRIs. Feel free to visit my site for Send Money To India for more information, click the following link if you would like to know more about How To Send Money To India.
global phenomenon since ages. People migrate from villages to towns, from towns to cities, from small cities to bigger cities and from one country to another – all in search of better opportunities & a better life. But what is critical to note is that most migrants continue to be connected to their roots – emotionally or financially. While some of them have no intent to return, a significant chunk does aspire to come back to their homeland at some point of time.And therein lies the base for the thriving money transfer industry. An estimated $500 billion moves across countries as pure private remittances. Which means, a value equal to the entire annual GDP of a country like Egypt or Thailand, is generated purely by these cross-border remittances. Not just the receivers, a lot of countries’ economies have inward remittances forming a large share of the GDP. And leading the world in inward money transfer, India receives an annual amount of over $55 billion Rosetta Stone Arabic
(World Bank Estimate 2010) in personal remittances. The Indian diaspora is spread all over the world and is considered one of the most affluent ethnic communities in countries like the U.S, U.K & Australia. Over 22 million Indians are settled abroad and from the U.S alone, India receives an approximate $20 billion in remittances. This money goes for family maintenance, savings in NRE accounts, charity and for buying property in the booming real-estate market in India. It’s not surprising given the facts above that India Money Transfers is a very lucrative segment for banks and other service providers. However, Indian customers have also been price conscious yet, at the same time, quite demanding in terms of the service quality. This has resulted in the customer seeing a huge change in the service offering over the years. From using offline agents to archaic foreign currency cheques to prohibitively priced wire-transfers, customers have now migrated to more Rosetta Stone Arabic Levev 1-3
convenient & cost effective online money transfers. Online money transfers to India is now the fastest growing choice to send money. Apart from some banks offering the service, neutral service providers like Remit2India from the Times Group, is the preferred choice for most NRIs. Feel free to visit my site for Send Money To India for more information, click the following link if you would like to know more about How To Send Money To India.
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